Insights › Mining Pools › Pool Review › 29 May - 31 Oct 2026
2 Nov 2026 (next exp 15 Nov)Mining Pools Review · All pools
Concentration or decentralisation? Bitcoin mining pools, 29 May - 31 Oct 2026: top pools grow, SBI Crypto, Binance Pool and Ultimus Pool exit, proxies counted in; still to come: Stratum V2, DATUM and solo
- Coverage. This edition extends BMM's initiation of coverage of 19 October from the 5 largest pools to every pool that identifies itself in the blocks it finds, over the same period from block 951,552 on 29 May, now to 31 October. Network hashrate (BMM node, 7-day estimate) went from 1,019.4 EH/s on 29 May to 1,068.6 EH/s on 31 October (+4.8%), with a low of 853.1 EH/s on 9 June and a high of 1,088.0 EH/s on 27 October.
- Gainers and losers. F2Pool added the most, +38.1 EH/s, ahead of AntPool (+30.1) and Luxor (+27.7). SpiderPool lost 42.1 EH/s and ended at 4.68% of the network; Foundry USA stayed the largest pool but ended below its 29 May level (−15.2 EH/s).
- Concentration. The 3 largest pools found 63.3% of blocks in the last full epoch (from 16 October), up from 56.6% in the first (from 29 May). The BMMAA Pool Concentration Risk shows concentration rising clearly in 3 of 10 steps between epochs and falling clearly in 3; the latest daily reading is +0.27 (Neutral).
- Exits. SBI Crypto found its last block on 29 July. Binance Pool fell from 16.8 EH/s to 7.5 EH/s in the two weeks before announcing its closure on 13 October and stops on 10 November. Ultimus Pool found its last block on 25 September.
- Proxy pools. Pools declaring about 125 EH/s on miningpoolstats find no blocks under their own name. Several of these pools serve miners in Russia/CIS and Kazakhstan.
- OCEAN fell from 27.9 EH/s in the month before BIP-110 to 15.8 EH/s after it, and was back at 24.5 EH/s in October.
- Developments. Foundry USA's founding CEO steps down; Tether's MDK gains 15 backers, six of them pools; f2pool.kz closes on 21 November. Still to come in later editions: Stratum V2, DATUM and solo mining.
Top 5 < ≠ > All pools
The initiation of coverage on 19 October set a baseline for the 5 largest pools by blocks found on BMM's own node. This edition covers the same period, from block 951,552 on 29 May, now to 31 October, and names every pool that BMM can identify: from the node's pool identification and, new in this edition, from BMM's own reading of the coinbase text of every block. Together they name between 97.8% and 99.6% of blocks in each month.
Pools that find no blocks under their own name are listed separately below. Coverage will deepen as BMM extends its block-level data across the full year.
Gainers and losers
| Pool | 29 May EH/s | 31 Oct EH/s | Change EH/s | % of network 31 Oct |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Top 3 gainers | ||||
| F2Pool | 132.2 | 170.3 | +38.1 | 15.94% |
| AntPool | 187.0 | 217.2 | +30.1 | 20.32% |
| Luxor | 29.4 | 57.1 | +27.7 | 5.34% |
| Top 3 losers | ||||
| SpiderPool | 92.1 | 50.0 | −42.1 | 4.68% |
| Foundry USA | 298.7 | 283.5 | −15.2 | 26.53% |
| Ultimus Pool* | 3.9 | 0.0 | −3.9 | 0.00% |
| Closures | ||||
| SBI Crypto | 25.5 | 0.0 | −25.5 | 0.00% |
| Binance Pool | 17.6 | 7.1 | −10.5 | 0.67% |
* Ultimus Pool is expected to have been a proxy of Binance Pool; see Key developments. Ranking excludes the "Solo, no tag, other" group. Change = 31 October minus 29 May, EH/s, 7-day basis.
Top 5 pools: 29 May - 31 Oct
To read the graph: estimated hashrate, EH/s, 7-day basis. Upper band: network hashrate (axis cut between pools and network; right scale = change since start). Shaded columns alternate by difficulty epoch. Click a pool name to hide or show it; hover for values and share of blocks.
Each pool line is the pool's share of blocks over the previous seven days multiplied by the network's 7-day hashrate. Block discovery is random, so single-day moves should not be over-read; the tables below summarise the whole period.
All pools: estimated hashrate by month, EH/s
| Pool | 29 May start of epoch | Jun average | Jul average | Aug average | Sep average | Oct average | 31 Oct | High EH/s · date | Low EH/s · date | Net change 29 May → 31 Oct | % of network 31 Oct | Blocks found |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Foundry USA | 298.7 | 235.5 | 237.6 | 223.3 | 238.3 | 266.7 | 283.5 | 298.729 May | 198.513 Aug | −15.2 | 26.53% | 5,762 |
| AntPool | 187.0 | 178.9 | 167.5 | 170.9 | 181.8 | 211.7 | 217.2 | 229.716 Oct | 142.126 Aug | +30.1 | 20.32% | 4,366 |
| F2Pool | 132.2 | 113.2 | 139.5 | 145.7 | 140.5 | 170.1 | 170.3 | 186.227 Oct | 94.88 Jun | +38.1 | 15.94% | 3,404 |
| ViaBTC | 95.0 | 86.4 | 90.5 | 82.6 | 90.1 | 99.5 | 110.1 | 111.815 Oct | 72.44 Jun | +15.1 | 10.31% | 2,156 |
| SpiderPool | 92.1 | 98.8 | 76.9 | 86.3 | 78.3 | 61.0 | 50.0 | 117.018 Jun | 44.829 Oct | −42.1 | 4.68% | 1,913 |
| MARA Pool | 40.2 | 53.6 | 42.4 | 42.7 | 49.7 | 50.3 | 45.9 | 62.720 Jun | 31.913 Aug | +5.7 | 4.29% | 1,140 |
| SecPool | 44.1 | 38.2 | 35.5 | 35.5 | 43.1 | 42.2 | 45.9 | 60.28 Sep | 23.620 Aug | +1.8 | 4.29% | 933 |
| Luxor | 29.4 | 33.0 | 25.4 | 31.5 | 30.6 | 42.9 | 57.1 | 61.829 Oct | 19.93 Jul | +27.7 | 5.34% | 788 |
| OCEAN | 31.3 | 27.1 | 26.9 | 20.0 | 16.7 | 24.5 | 35.7 | 36.725 Jun | 8.117 Aug | +4.3 | 3.34% | 557 |
| Braiins Pool | 11.8 | 15.0 | 14.1 | 17.1 | 14.0 | 15.7 | 17.3 | 26.92 Jul | 3.623 Jul | +5.6 | 1.62% | 365 |
| Binance Pool | 17.6 | 13.9 | 16.9 | 18.8 | 17.0 | 8.5 | 7.1 | 28.027 Aug | 2.910 Oct | −10.5 | 0.67% | 358 |
| BTC.com | 4.9 | 3.3 | 6.7 | 12.7 | 12.0 | 10.0 | 14.3 | 17.117 Aug | 0.06 Jul | +9.4 | 1.34% | 219 |
| SBI Crypto | 25.5 | 20.9 | 12.1 | 0.4 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 30.72 Jun | 0.05 Aug | −25.5 | 0.00% | 157 |
| Poolin | 3.9 | 2.3 | 2.5 | 2.9 | 1.9 | 1.9 | 3.1 | 6.415 Jul | 0.011 Jun | −0.9 | 0.29% | 56 |
| WhitePool | 0.0 | 0.4 | 3.5 | 2.7 | 1.9 | 3.0 | 1.0 | 6.331 Jul | 0.029 May | +1.0 | 0.10% | 55 |
| Ultimus Pool | 3.9 | 4.1 | 1.9 | 0.6 | 1.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 8.615 Jun | 0.030 Jun | −3.9 | 0.00% | 35 |
| Solo, no tag, other | 2.0 | 6.7 | 3.9 | 14.9 | 21.0 | 14.1 | 10.2 | 26.91 Sep | 0.08 Jul | +8.2 | 0.95% | 291 |
| Network (BMM node) | 1,019.4 | 931.6 | 903.9 | 908.6 | 937.9 | 1,022.2 | 1,068.6 | 1,088.027 Oct | 853.19 Jun | +49.1 | 100% | 22,555 |
| Difficulty, T (month end) | 138.96 | 133.87 | 126.23 | 125.81 | 132.76 | 148.36 | 148.36 | |||||
| BTC/USD (month end) | $73,371 | $58,532 | $62,822 | $78,566 | $83,565 | $77,437 | $77,437 | |||||
Estimated hashrate, 7-day basis: a pool's share of blocks over the previous seven days × the network's 7-day hashrate (BMM node). 29 May and 31 Oct = the values on those days (blocks of 23 - 29 May and 25 - 31 October); Jun - Oct = averages of the daily values in each month; net change = 31 Oct minus 29 May, the same figures as in Gainers and losers; high and low over 29 May - 31 October; % of network = 7-day share on 31 October. Blocks found: 29 May - 31 October. SBI Crypto and WhitePool from BMM's coinbase reading. "Solo, no tag, other" = solo miners (Parasite, FutureBit Apollo), DMND, blocks without a pool tag and pools not named on BMM's node. Difficulty and BTC/USD rows: value at month end (Oct = 31 Oct); 29 May = the difficulty set at block 951,552. BTC/USD: Kraken daily close.
Dynamic: Pools vs Network
On a 7-day basis the network went from 1,019 EH/s on 29 May to 1,073 EH/s on 29 October, the last day of the latest complete epoch (+5.2%). Over the same days F2Pool (+39.4%), AntPool (+18.8%) and the group of all other pools (+12.9%) outgrew the network; ViaBTC (+1.7%) roughly kept pace; Foundry USA (−5.3%) and SpiderPool (−51.3%) fell. In absolute terms F2Pool added 52 EH/s and AntPool 35 EH/s, while SpiderPool gave up 47 EH/s.
Where one pool's gain lines up in time with another's loss, as F2Pool's and SpiderPool's did in mid-July, the pattern is consistent with miners redirecting hashrate between pools. It remains an indication until the pools or the miners confirm it: block attribution shows where blocks were found, not which miners connected where.
Pools share of blocks by epoch
| Epoch from block | Start | Retarget | Foundry USA | AntPool | F2Pool | ViaBTC | Spider Pool | Other | Top 5 | Top 5, EH/s | Network, EH/s | Top 5 Δ / other Δ, EH/s | BMMAA |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 973,728 * | 29 Oct | +5.54% | 27.1% | 21.0% | 13.3% | 11.2% | 5.4% | 22.0% | 78.0% | 831 | 1,066 | +15 / +0 | +0.16 Neutral |
| 971,712 | 16 Oct | +5.92% | 26.3% | 20.4% | 16.6% | 9.0% | 5.5% | 22.3% | 77.7% | 816 | 1,050 | +23 / +38 | -0.51 Blue |
| 969,696 | 3 Oct | -0.03% | 26.2% | 20.6% | 16.9% | 10.4% | 6.0% | 19.8% | 80.2% | 793 | 990 | +44 / +2 | +0.28 Neutral |
| 967,680 | 19 Sep | +4.16% | 24.6% | 21.4% | 15.9% | 9.7% | 7.8% | 20.6% | 79.5% | 750 | 944 | +16 / -16 | +0.49 Amber |
| 965,664 | 5 Sep | +1.31% | 25.2% | 19.1% | 14.8% | 10.2% | 8.5% | 22.2% | 77.8% | 734 | 943 | +47 / -6 | +0.49 Amber |
| 963,648 | 23 Aug | -1.31% | 25.8% | 17.4% | 14.8% | 8.6% | 9.5% | 23.9% | 76.1% | 686 | 902 | -27 / +19 | -0.57 Blue |
| 961,632 | 8 Aug | +0.99% | 24.2% | 20.4% | 15.3% | 9.2% | 9.3% | 21.6% | 78.4% | 713 | 910 | +10 / -3 | +0.23 Neutral |
| 959,616 | 25 Jul | -0.74% | 25.8% | 17.2% | 17.3% | 9.1% | 8.5% | 22.1% | 77.9% | 703 | 903 | -8 / +14 | -0.46 Blue |
| 957,600 | 11 Jul | -5.00% | 27.4% | 18.6% | 16.8% | 9.7% | 6.8% | 20.7% | 79.3% | 711 | 897 | -38 / -16 | +0.12 Neutral |
| 955,584 | 27 Jun | +7.15% | 25.1% | 19.0% | 13.6% | 10.4% | 10.7% | 21.2% | 78.8% | 749 | 951 | +37 / -20 | +0.58 Amber |
| 953,568 | 14 Jun | -10.09% | 25.0% | 19.0% | 12.3% | 9.0% | 10.9% | 23.7% | 76.3% | 712 | 934 | +2 / +3 | -0.11 Neutral |
| 951,552 | 29 May | +1.72% | 25.2% | 19.4% | 12.0% | 9.5% | 10.5% | 23.5% | 76.5% | 711 | 929 | - | - |
Share of blocks found in each epoch (UTC days from the retarget date). * current epoch, 29 - 31 October, still open. Retarget: difficulty change at the start of the epoch (red = up, blue = down). Top 5: Foundry USA, AntPool, F2Pool, ViaBTC and SpiderPool together. Latest epoch first. BMMAA: BMMAA Pool Concentration Risk for the epoch against the previous one, from −1 to +1; within ±0.30 neutral (block luck), above +0.30 concentrating, below −0.30 decentralising. Method: BMMAA.
BMMAA turns each step into one number, that shows the direction of decentralisation. Concentration rose clearly in 3 of 10 steps between full epochs and fell clearly in 3. The latest complete epoch, from 16 October, read −0.51 (Blue): the network added 61 EH/s, of which the top 5 took 23 EH/s and all other pools 38 EH/s. The daily reading on 30-day windows stood at +0.27 (Neutral) on 31 October.
The clearest absorption came in the epoch from 27 June: the network added 17 EH/s, but the top five added 37 EH/s while other pools lost 20 EH/s (BMMAA +0.58). In the epoch from 19 September the network was flat, yet the top five gained 16 EH/s at the expense of smaller pools (+0.49). The epoch from 23 August went the other way: the network fell 8 EH/s, yet smaller pools grew 19 EH/s while the top five lost 27 EH/s (−0.57), a clear decentralisation move. See BMMAA Pool Concentration Risk.
Proxy pools: declared hashrate, no blocks of their own
The pools below declare hashrate on miningpoolstats but show no block found under their own name, and BMM's coinbase reading does not find them either. They work as proxies: they collect hashrate from their miners and pass it to a larger pool, so their blocks are counted inside that pool. Together they declare about 125 EH/s.
That hashrate is not additional to what the larger pools show. On miningpoolstats the declared hashrate of all pools adds up to about 1,170 EH/s against a network of 1,110 EH/s, so part of it is counted twice. On BMM's node the named pools account for all but about 10 EH/s of the network on 31 October. BMM's estimate is that only a small part of the proxies' declared hashrate, of the order of 10 - 20 EH/s, mines independently; the rest is processed by larger pools. Block data do not show which larger pool processes each proxy's hashrate.
Russia/CIS. BMM expects part of Russia's and the CIS's hashrate to reach the network through EMCD, k8x, Neopool, Headframe, tpool, Kryptex, Sigmapool, Placepool and miningpool.ru. Russian-language guides to pools for miners in Russia list EMCD, Neopool and Kryptex Pool among their recommendations (vc.ru, June 2026; Profinvestment, updated 16 July 2026). Because these pools are proxies, there is no indication of which major pool processes their hashrate. Kazakhstan. 21pool and f2pool.kz are Kazakh pools; f2pool.kz closes on 21 November (see Key developments).
Proxy pools: declared hashrate,
miningpoolstats, 1 Nov 2026
| Pool | Declared EH/s | Note (expected) |
|---|---|---|
| emcd.io | 39.00 | Russia/CIS focused |
| k8x.com | 17.19 | Russia/CIS focused |
| neopool.com | 16.96 | Russia/CIS focused |
| headframe.io | 11.10 | Russia/CIS focused |
| tpool.io | 9.12 | Russia/CIS focused |
| pool.kryptex.com | 7.10 | Russia/CIS focused |
| bmine.io | 7.02 | |
| sigmapool.com | 3.82 | Russia/CIS focused |
| 21pool.io | 3.03 | Kazakhstan focused |
| l6pool.com | 2.44 | |
| placepool.pro | 1.81 | Russia/CIS focused |
| pecpool.com | 1.80 | |
| miningpool.ru | 1.32 | Russia/CIS focused |
| poolbtc.io | 1.13 | No. 1 in Fractal Bitcoin (merge mining) |
| frogpool.ae | 0.80 | |
| hash-hut.net | 0.53 | |
| f2pool.kz | 0.50 | Kazakhstan focused (closing) |
| Total | 124.67 |
Declared figures are the pools' own and are not verified by BMM. Source: miningpoolstats.stream, 1 November 2026. Trustpool (10.31 EH/s declared) is not in the list: BMM's coinbase reading shows blocks under its own /trustpool/ tag; they sit in "Solo, no tag, other". Solo pools are not listed.
OCEAN: BIP-110 and a change of leadership
OCEAN: blocks per day and estimated hashrate, 29 May - 31 October
To read the graph: OCEAN blocks per UTC day (bars, left scale) and OCEAN estimated hashrate, EH/s, 7-day basis (line, right scale), 29 May - 31 October. Shaded columns alternate by difficulty epoch.
OCEAN by period
| Period | Blocks | Share of blocks | EH/s 7-day basis |
|---|---|---|---|
| 8 Jul - 7 Aug | 139 | 3.16% | 27.9 |
| 10 - 28 Aug | 44 | 1.63% | 15.8 |
| 29 Aug - 30 Sep | 85 | 1.74% | 16.7 |
| Oct | 122 | 2.61% | 24.5 |
OCEAN averaged 27.9 EH/s in the month before BIP-110 (3.16% of blocks). BIP-110's mandatory signalling began with the epoch from block 961,632 on 8 August; OCEAN's templates sent its miners' hashrate to the breakaway chain for about 18 hours, and OCEAN returned its default connection to the main chain on 9 August. Its hashrate halved, to 15.8 EH/s over 10 - 28 August. Blocks OCEAN found on the BIP-110 chain do not count here. On 29 August OCEAN and Luke Dashjr announced their separation. Hashrate stayed low in September (16.7 EH/s) and recovered in October to 24.5 EH/s, 2.61% of blocks.
Every OCEAN block carries the name of the miner or hashrate provider after the pool tag. Names seen in OCEAN blocks in this period include Peak Mining, SoV, NiceHash, Roughnecks, Sympatheia, Penguin, Simple Mining, Pow.re, Data Factory, SixThirtyAI, BDE, Adecoagro, ZettaPOW, Abundant Mines, Sazmining, Barefoot Mining, Print Crypto and Moonwalk.
Key developments in the mining-pool market
Foundry USA: founding CEO steps down
Mike Colyer, the founding CEO of the Foundry USA pool, announced on 7 October 2026 that he is stepping down as CEO and will remain as an adviser. Foundry USA stayed the largest pool in the period, with 26.53% of network hashrate on 31 October.
SBI Crypto: closed
SBI Crypto announced on 2 July 2026 that its pool would close; mining connections were disconnected from 22:00 UTC on 30 July. In BMM's data SBI averaged 20.9 EH/s in June (88 blocks), 17.1 EH/s in 1 - 15 July (37 blocks) and 7.4 EH/s in 16 - 31 July (15 blocks). Its last block was found on 29 Jul.
Binance Pool: closing on 10 November
Binance announced on 13 October 2026 that Binance Pool will stop accepting shares at 07:00 UTC on 10 November. Binance Pool averaged 16.8 EH/s from 29 May to 27 September (319 blocks). Its hashrate fell to 7.5 EH/s in the two weeks before the announcement (14 blocks, 28 September - 12 October) and was 10.1 EH/s afterwards (25 blocks, 13 - 31 October), 0.67% of the network on 31 October.
Binance announcement ↗ · Unchained, 13 October 2026 ↗
Ultimus Pool: closed
Ultimus Pool, announced by Binance Pool as a partner in June 2022, has ended its mining service; its website says it will no longer be accessible from 08:00 UTC on 5 November 2026. BMM expects it to have been a proxy of Binance Pool. In BMM's data Ultimus averaged 4.1 EH/s in June and found its last block on 25 Sep.
Ultimus Pool ↗ · InvestingCube, 29 June 2022 ↗
f2pool.kz: closing on 21 November (as proxy of F2Pool.com)
F2Pool's Kazakhstan site, launched in December 2023, suspended new registrations from 21 October 2026; existing users can mine until 20 November 23:59 UTC and the site shuts down on 21 November. F2Pool says f2pool.com is not affected.
f2pool.kz notice ↗ · F2Pool, December 2023 ↗
EMCD: licensed as a local pool in Kazakhstan
EMCD has received the status of a locally accredited mining pool operator in Kazakhstan and has started connecting its first clients there (Inbusiness.kz, 17 September 2026). Under Kazakhstan's rules, licensed farms register their equipment in a state registry and mine through a local accredited pool, which must provide backup infrastructure, independent communication channels and 24/7 support. EMCD describes Kazakhstan as part of its Central Asia strategy. While others leave, SBI Crypto, Binance Pool and Ultimus Pool from the market and f2pool.kz from Kazakhstan, EMCD is exploring the opportunity of a new region. EMCD declares 39.00 EH/s on miningpoolstats and finds no blocks under its own name; it is listed with the proxy pools above.
Inbusiness.kz, 17 September 2026 ↗ · BeInCrypto ↗
Tether's MDK: 15 companies sign up
On 24 October 2026 Tether announced that 15 companies back its open-source MDK (mining development software), a common interface that lets software and AI agents work across mining hardware, pools and sites without a separate integration for each. Each backer builds and maintains its own connector. Six of them run pools: Foundry, F2Pool, Luxor, OCEAN, SpiderPool and EMCD. The 15: Bitmain, Bitdeer, Canaan, MicroBT, Foundry Digital, F2Pool, Luxor Technology, OCEAN, ACME Swisstech, Elektron Energy, EMCD, Heatbit, Proto, SpiderPool and Stratum V2.
Tether ↗ · crypto.news, 25 October 2026 ↗ · CryptoDaily, 29 October 2026 ↗
Stratum V2
The first Bitcoin block produced with Stratum V2 Job Declaration, block 955,318 reported by DMND, is visible in BMM's coinbase reading with the tag /DMND/. Of the 5 largest pools, four (AntPool, F2Pool, Foundry, SpiderPool) have been members of the Stratum V2 Working Group since May 2026.
CoinEx wind-down and ViaBTC statement
CoinEx is winding down (withdrawals open until 22 December 2026) and ViaBTC ended automatic withdrawal to CoinEx on 22 September, stating that the pool is independent. ViaBTC ended the period at 110.1 EH/s, 10.31% of the network on 31 October (+15.1 EH/s since 29 May).
Poolin
Poolin-related US entities filed for Chapter 11 in July 2026 over their Texas mining assets. Poolin's pool kept finding blocks: 56 in the period, about 1.9 EH/s in October.
Neopool
Neopool, which reported a security incident in late July and later restored its domain and e-mail, declares 16.96 EH/s on miningpoolstats but finds no blocks under its own name: it was added to the category of the proxy pools listed above.
Solo mining
Solo miners found 4 blocks in this period (Parasite pool 3 blocks and FutureBit Apollo 1 block, according to BMM's coinbase reading). Each block shows that small miners can take an active part and contribute to decentralisation.
What BMM will watch next
Binance Pool closes on 10 November and f2pool.kz on 21 November: BMM will show in the next edition where pool shares move after those dates. Still to come: Stratum V2 adoption, DATUM and solo mining.
The difficulty increase in October and BTC volatility will keep the pressure on miners' economics during November. We could see some attrition of hashrate from lower-grade hardware (higher J/TH), which is more likely to affect smaller pools. BMM will stay focused on AntPool as a prime indicator of Bitmain pushing alternative sales options (hosted hardware, hashrate sales).
Sources
- BMM Bitcoin network dashboard ↗
- BMM Mining Pools Review, 19 October 2026 (initiation of coverage) ↗
- BMMAA Pool Concentration Risk ↗
- miningpoolstats.stream (snapshot 1 November 2026) ↗
- Mike Colyer on X, 7 October 2026 ↗
- CoinDesk: SBI Crypto to shut down mining pool (2 July 2026) ↗
- Binance: Binance Pool discontinuation (13 October 2026) ↗
- Unchained: Binance closes its mining pool (13 October 2026) ↗
- Ultimus Pool ↗
- InvestingCube: Binance Pool partners with UltimusPool (29 June 2022) ↗
- f2pool.kz: notice on discontinuation (21 October 2026) ↗
- F2Pool: mining pool service in Kazakhstan (21 December 2023) ↗
- Inbusiness.kz: EMCD licensed in Kazakhstan as a local accredited operator (17 September 2026) ↗
- BeInCrypto: EMCD mining pool licensed in Kazakhstan ↗
- Tether: MDK gains broad industry backing (24 October 2026) ↗
- crypto.news: 15 mining firms back Tether's MDK (25 October 2026) ↗
- CryptoDaily: Tether wins 15-company backing (29 October 2026) ↗
- CriptoNoticias: OCEAN returns to the main chain (9 August 2026) ↗
- The Defiant: BIP-110 fork stalls (10 August 2026) ↗
- Joint statement of OCEAN and Luke Dashjr (29 August 2026) ↗
- vc.ru: best pools for Bitcoin mining in Russia (June 2026) ↗
- Profinvestment: mining pools for Russia (updated 16 July 2026) ↗
- Stratum V2 ↗
- DMND ↗
- ViaBTC: official statement ↗
- The Block: Poolin files Chapter 11 (24 July 2026) ↗
- CryptoNews: Neopool security incident (7 August 2026) ↗
- Solo CKPool ↗
- Public Pool ↗
Data and method
Blocks by pool come from BMM's own Bitcoin node: the node's pool identification (coinbase attribution) and BMM's own reading of each block's coinbase text, 29 May - 31 October 2026, full UTC days (22,555 blocks). A pool's estimated hashrate is its share of blocks over the previous seven days multiplied by the network's 7-day hashrate estimate from the same node; the value for 29 May uses the blocks of 23 - 29 May. Epoch shares count blocks found on UTC days from each retarget date. BMMAA per epoch compares the growth of the top 5 pools' and all other pools' estimated hashrate against the previous epoch, on a scale from −1 to +1; the daily 30-day version and its limits are described on the BMMAA methodology page. Proxy-pool hashrate is as declared on miningpoolstats.stream on 1 November 2026 and is not verified by BMM. Difficulty: BMM node. BTC/USD: Kraken daily close. Event dates and pool news are from the sources listed. Block discovery is random, so short-window shares carry noise, especially for small pools.
For information only; not investment advice. Figures are estimates and may be revised as data is updated.